1944

THE LOOK OF HOMEFRONT AMERICA - Graphic Design's influence on America during WWII

 

MATERIALS BECAME SCARCE. EXCESSIVENESS CONCIDERED UNPATRIOTIC

 

LIMITATION BECOME THE INFLUNCERS

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  • Walter Gropius

  • In 1928 Walter Gropius resigned his position to resume private architectural practice. In 1937 Gropius was teaching architecture at Harvard University.
  • Laszlo Moholy-Nagy

  • Left Germany in 1937 and established the New Bauhaus (now the Institute of Design in Chicago). Credited along with Gyorgy Kepes and Robert J. Wolff for creating "Camouflage".
  • Herbert Bayer

  • Bayer was a student at the Bauhaus from 1923 (?)-1928 when he became art director for Vogue (Berlin) and remained in Germany when many of his colleagues were leaving the country. In 1936 he designed a brochure for the Deutschland Ausstellung, an exhibition for tourists in Berlin - the brochure celebrated life in the Third Reich, and the authority of Hitler. However, in 1937, works of Bayer's were included in the Nazi propaganda exhibition "Degenerate Art", upon which he fled Germany and headed to Italy. (www.wikipedia.org) In 1944 he became a US citizen and immigrated in 1946.
  • Joost Schmidt

  • Student at the Bauhaus then as an instructor teaching lettering and head of the sculpture workshop as well as the Advertising, Typography, Printing and associated Photography departments. Schmidt did not immigrate to America but his influence is seen through his students that did come to America.
  • Paul Klee

  • Instructed at the Bauhaus along with colleague Kandiskly teaching art, design and architecture. His unique theories of color can be seen in the English version of his lectures "Writings on Form and Design Theory" - "Paul Klee Notebooks". Klee died in 1940 from scierodema, but his influences on color and form are reflected by many of his students.
  • Wassily Kandinsky

  • Also an instructor at the Bauhaus from 1922 - 1933 when the Nazis closed it down. He then moved to France.
  • Josef Alberts

  • Established the Black Mountain College in North Carolina
  • Alan Lustig

  • Although Lustig did not attend the Bauhaus, he was invited by Albers to teach at the Black Mountain College in 1945, then at Yale in 1951.
  • Leo Lionni

  • As Lustig, Lionni also instructed at the Black Mountain College.

Mass Media

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Interesting notes learned while collecting:

Theodor Seuss Geisel and his political thoughts - these will be YouTube videos - conversation and artifacts.

 

Jeep story - these will be YouTube videos - conversation and artifacts.

 

MY THOUGHTS

One summer, after attending a firemen’s marching band convention, I observe the special patriotism older veterans felt the rest of the group seemed to lack. I thought about this and why the" old guys and gales" proudly stood and belted out patriotic ballads while the rest of us shyly sang sitting down. What was the difference in the generations? They were proud, not self-conscience, of what others were thinking. They knew something the younger generations probably may never understand. They were happy because they know the cost of happiness - and freedom, which has nothing to do with if your paycheck is bigger or your house is larger – it’s freedom to be happy . They seemed to know how to be an "American". They “felt” patriotism.

 

I thought quite a bit about this difference as I put this writing together. It was not until half way through my research that I began to understand. These folks lived in a time when people stood together and learned what it took to be in a united, free country. The difficulties they lived through cannot match anything ours or other generations have or ever will witness. War has touched many of us throughout the years, but somehow it has been left it off the “main event” plate leaving room for other current events.  Even though we may be in a conflict with one country or another at any given time, the home front seems to read about it as just something that is "going on outside our world" - that is unless you have a personal tie such as a relative serving. When you hear on the news that some senator or congress politician has petitioned a bill to allocate funds for more war equipment – everyone starts screaming “no, no, no… we shouldn’t be at war anyway… don’t send them more ammunition.” Leaving troops without the resources to defend and do their job.

 

How do you feel when the national anthem plays at a sporting event? Are you thinking about the game or about how the soldier is sitting in a hot desert wondering if the tank he is riding in may be bombed? Or are you just looking for who is standing and who is kneeling. I understand the reasoning behind some of this behavior, but lets get down to what it really stands for - Freedom. The freedom to stand or kneel, the freedom to scream it, to cry during it, or to ignore it... This generation understood that - There is the difference.

 

 

OK - I have jumped on my soap box heading off in a different direction - lets get back to design!

 

Look at this ad and other marketing below. These images represent the atmosphere from 1939-1941 prior to when war was delared.